A number of software tools have been developed to represent and manipulate objects in the geographic space, or some other information about spatiahration space. In the context of GIS, there are eight types of tools: GIS and remote Sensing analysis system; system of geoscience Analytical, CAD systems, mathematics and statistics analysis system, graphics production environment, environmental animation, visualization systems and tools concept mapping (see Appendix E for the Web address that provides information about this tool). (There are also high-tech system for spatial thinking in areas as diverse as protein studies, medical imaging and mapping star systems). Each of the eight tools provide different functions. Revolutionized Forexample, GIS and related satellite systems such as GPS, Geodata with collection, analysis and display. />
Box 7.1 provides a description and analysis of these tools, which are divided into four groups. Perform Table 7.1 compares the eight high-tech tools related to their abiIity spatialize and visualization functions (see section 6.7). At present, none of these tools in Box 7.1 and Table 7.1 listed that meet all the necessary requirements to support spatial thinking. Instead, each system meets some of the requirements. For example, information visualization system offers great flexibility in the way data is displayed, but they offer limited analytical skills. Concept art tool supports the spatialization and visual exploration of data, but not the items in the geographical space. Although the animation environment work well for this time mapped and analytically weak. GIS supports a variety of data types, integration and geo-registered, high quality cartographic output and supports spatial analysis. However, they provide poor support for the time being, vertical dimension, and multimedia. Best offers limited support for GIS spatializing nonspatial data. However, if in the context of alternative systems, GIS and tariffs set when red better than other high-tech systems (see Table 7.1). As a tool for supporting spatial thinking />
all the high-tech system in Table 7.1 is becoming stronger by (i) increasing Analytical skills, ( 2) The flexibility and visually appealing graphics and cartographic representation, (3) support multi-format multimediaand data, (4) supporting tools such as APIs that can develop special, but easy to use application, (5) provision of simple-to-use functions, supported by context-sensitive help and software assistant, and (6) and offers improved integration with other information systems Products in emerging middleware standards, leading to embed explicit geographic data handling and processing capacity of many systems can be. Although software vendors are apparently not coordinated plan, the system of common goals, because the needs of business, industry and government converge. Users want flexibility for system data sets come from different backgrounds face, at different levels and with different accuracies.
/> As these systems become more functional and converge on common goals, the ability to provide better support for spatial thinking. It can take many forms because of spatial thinking and the different contexts in which spatial thinking may occur, it is unlikely that a single system will adapt their spatial sense to all form and context. Although spatial reasoning can be very complex, challenging and powerful for a single system to provide universal support, the most current GIS software system provides additional support for spatial thinking, the K-12 students are likely to need. Actual estimates suggest that the number of features in GIS products is so great that even the most GIS professionals. Only 10 percent of their software functions (Tomlinson, 2003) are available learning
